Cutting tool carbides are typically categorized into several types

 

Cutting tool carbides are typically categorized into several types based on their composition and application, with each type tailored for specific machining operations. Broadly, here are the main types of carbide materials used for cutting tools:

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🔹 1. Tungsten Carbide (WC)

• Most common type of carbide used in cutting tools.

• Typically combined with a binder like cobalt (Co).

• Grades:

  • C1 to C4: For cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and general-purpose cutting.

  • C5 to C8: For steel and tougher materials.

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🔹 2. Titanium Carbide (TiC)

• Harder than WC, but more brittle.

• Often used as a coating rather than bulk material.

• Good for cutting harder steels or in abrasive environments.

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🔹 3. Tantalum Carbide (TaC)

• Extremely hard and heat-resistant.

• Usually added to WC to improve hot hardness and wear resistance.

• Often seen in high-performance cutting applications.

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🔹 4. Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂)

• Known for corrosion resistance.

• Used where both hardness and oxidation resistance are needed.

• Often found in coatings rather than as a base material.

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🔹 5. Cemented Carbide (Hardmetal)

• A composite material: WC + Co binder (sometimes with TiC or TaC).

• Main categories:

  • ISO P: For steel.

  • ISO K: For cast iron.

  • ISO M: For stainless steel.

  • ISO N, S, H: For non-ferrous, superalloys, and hardened materials.

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🔹 6. Cermet (Ceramic + Metal)

• Not pure carbide, but often included.

• Contains TiC, TiN, etc., bonded with metals like Ni.

• Offers high wear resistance and excellent surface finish.

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